SWACHH
BHARAT ABHIYAN
IMPORTANCE
OF HISTORY
The model of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan was proposed by
our Prime Minister keeping Mahatma Gandhi in mind. Our Prime Minister believes
that the best way to pay tribute to our national hero is by making India Clean
by 2019.
“Cleanliness is next to Godliness”.
Mahatma Gandhi was a great Indian leader who made
efforts not only to help India attain freedom but also motivating people about
importance of cleanliness. He always stressed on keeping the lavatory clean.
Open defecation results in many diseases which are not desirable at all. Mahatma Gandhi said "Sanitation is more important than
independence".[1] He stressed
that cleanliness is important for well-being and healthy environment. The habits learnt at a young
age get embedded into one's personality.
Taking into account what Mahatma Gandhi
said, prime minister launched the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign. It was
launched to pay tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth
anniversary.
REDEFINING
WHAT IS CLEAN INDIA
The main
aim of "Clean India" programme is to providing access to sanitation
facilities and safe and adequate drinking water supply to every person by 2019.There
are many cities in India which have poor living condition due to various types
of pollution i.e. land pollution, water pollution and air pollution. All this
is caused due to unhealthy habits of people.
The programme of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is the
restructuring of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. Under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan there are
two sub-missions Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Swachh Bharat Mission
(Urban).
There are
various objectives of “Clean India” movement-
- Elimination of open defecation
- Eradicating manual scavenging
- Introduce modern and scientific municipal solid waste management practices
- Enable private sector participation in the sanitation sector
- Change people`s attitude to cleanliness[2]
STAKEHOLDERS
Management
Structure of SBM
Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan is divided under State and Union.
National
Level
Under Union, National Advisory and Review Committee is
formed which is headed by Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development and
comprising representatives of relevant line ministries. . A mission directorate is elected under Secretary.
The SBM National Mission Directorate will be headed
by a National Mission Director (NMD)
State
Level
Under States, High powered Committee is formed under
chief secretary. They are supposed to look after sanitation of city, rural and
urban areas.
1 Rural
Areas
Under Rural area there is a District SB committee
with collector, MP, MLA and NGO.Under District Committee, Gram Panchayat will
implement plan.
Under Gram Panchayat, Swactchtta Doot will work.
They are the workers who will implement the plan.
2 Urban
Areas
In Urban areas there is District Level Monitoring Committee
with Area Sabha and Ward Committee. Swactchtta Doot will be working under this
committee.[3]
Monitoring
and Evaluation
States / UTs will be required to send in Quarterly
Progress Reports (QPRs) to the Vigilance Committee in prescribed formats with
regard to targets and achievements
Mapping of a
company's stakeholders might identify the following stakeholders
1.
Management
and ministry at national level
2.
Management
and Ministry at State Level
3.
Ministry
of Urban Development
4.
Ministry
of Rural Development
5.
Swactchtta
Doot
6.
Manufacturers
supplying products like toilets, etc. to the government
7.
Vigilance
Committee and IT management for monitoring and evaluation
8.
NGO`S
involved to support this mission
9.
CSR
committee of various Businesses
10. Urban Citizens
11. Rural Citizen
12. World Bank
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
“Rome
was not built in a day”
Implementation of clean India is not a single day
task, especially in a country where there is population of 120 crore people of
different region, speaking different language, and belonging to different race
and culture. It takes time for people to understand what clean India is and be
aware of it.
The Mindset of a major portion of the population
habituated to open defecation needs to be changed. Many of them already have a
toilet but prefer to defecate in the open. The biggest challenge therefore is
triggering behavior change in vast section of rural population regarding need
to use toilets. In order to make this happen ministry has unleashed National Reach out Campaign.
The efforts
taken by the government efforts are bearing fruits. Clean Habits on keeping
surrounding clean has reached young kids in school. There are instances where
children are telling their fellow ones not to litter. The campaign has
inculcated habits of personal cleanliness within the citizens. People now take
care of the fact that they do not litter. It is seen that rural people in some
villages have stopped to defecate in the open.
LEADERSHIP
CHALLENGES
Modi`s efforts revolves around various aspects i.e.
development of nation, involvement of people and international collaboration.
Towards the development of nation he has taken various campaigns like digital
India, Make in India, Clean India, etc. Under international collaboration,Modi's government policies have brought
more foreign investors into India and have tied up with government of other
countries.
Modi`s leadership
involves following qualities-
- He is a mass leader and believes in collective effort of people and government
- He is a workaholic person
- He is a person who has big dreams for his people and country
- His service is beyond his self-interests
- He believes that people`s participation is essential for growth of the nation[4]
Based on qualities following model of Prime Minister
leadership has been proposed.
FIGURE:1 Leadership level for Mr.Narendra
Modi
|
Mr. Modi`s leadership qualities are
reflected in the way he initiated the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan campaign. He
himself initiated the cleanliness drive at Mandir Marg Police Station. He picked
up the broom to clean the dirt which resulted in many people joining him for
the campaign. Through his action and words prime minister has been able to
spread the message of Clean India throughout the country. But there are various
leadership challenges which Mr. Modi has to face:
- India has bureaucratic system of government. Implementing decision in bureaucracy takes time.
- Achievement of deadline is extremely difficult with the resources that government has available. Allocation of limited resources to vast number of project is difficult.
- To change the mentality of people where there is open freedom to litter is not a very simple task.
- There is always obstruction by the opposing parties
- It is very difficult for the leader to convey message in a country where there is great diversity
DECISION MAKING CHALLENGES
The key decision making problem for the government is
to complete the deadline by 2 October, 2019 with insufficient availability of
funds. The mission to make India clean is expected to cost a whopping Rs.
133,000 crore over five years. The
government is already short of funds. Thus, the union budget has cut down the
allocation for SBM to Rs. 2,625 crore from Rs. 4,260 crore allocated in 2014-15.
Following steps are being taken by the government to
cope up with his problem.
- There shall be interchangeability of funds between water and sanitation so that targets are not starved of funds in either of the two sectors.
- The funds will be released when States have passed Detailed Project Report for allocation of money and resources.
- PMC will route CSR funds and also do PPP projects.
The government states that funding gap will be
covered up by CSR activities. The other problem that hampers decision making is
the uncertainty of funds to be received from such practices.
Another decision making challenges is that targets
are not achieved instantly in India due to pressure of people, opposition and
system of Indian government.
COMMUNICATION
CHALLENGES
Government is using following means of communication
to convey message of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to people of India
- Mass Media
- Community Mobilization
- Outdoor Media
- Folk Media
- Entertainment Education
But despite using all these means there are
challenges related to communication
- India is a country of 26 states where there are people of different diversity, different culture, different caste system, different language, different values, etc. It is very difficult to convey message to these people in the way they perceive.
- Government has insufficient funds to allocate to each and every means and methods of communicating message.
- There is lot of bureaucracy in Indian system of government. So there are barriersof communicate to convey message within the government organizational level.
- There is lot of hierarchy involved within the system of government. So to convey message at hierarchy level is very difficult.
- There is lack of coordination within the ministry. This lack of coordination causes barriers of communication.
TEAM
WORK
The crisis of sanitation is being handled by various
ministries with a view of making India defecation free by 2019.This project
will be directed by the Union Ministry as well as the State Ministry. Ministry
of Urban Development and Ministry of Rural of Development will be responsible
to conduct the project. Rural sanitation is taken care of by Ministry of
Drinking Water and Sanitation while urban areas are handed over to Ministry of
Urban Development (MoUD). Then there is sanitation of school which is vested to
Ministry of Human Resource Development.All these ministries have to coordinate
to achieve the target.A vigilance committee evaluates the projects based on
reports. It ensures that there is no misuse of funds and resources allocated
and everything functions smoothly. Then we have Swachchata Doots, who are
engaged on contractual basis. NGOs and CSR initiatives are welcomed to help
government to attain Clean India target.
To avoid unnecessary confusion there will be merging
of sanitation department and drinking water supply department.
The problem lies that there is a lack of coordination between the ministries and they
are not working in collaborative manner to achieve the given targets.[4]
SELF
INTEREST VS NATIONAL INTEREST
Clean India campaign will help to lower down the
death rate. Open defecation puts people to risks of disease like cholera,
diarrhea, typhoid, etc. If our government is able to achieve this target all
this will lower down. Also through this campaign each and every individual will
have access to toilets. This moment will inculcate habit of personal
cleanliness in individuals.
Clean India is directly linked with the economic
activity of the nation. This mission will contribute to the GDP growth, provide
source of employment and reduce health costs. Cleanliness is directly linked
with tourism and global interests of the country.
Sustainable agenda brings together UN, organization and governments to
develop and implement various sustainable modal at local, national and global
level. India faces many challenges related to growth and development which
includes many issues. Making India clean is one the issue which has slowed down
its growth. Hence a lot has to be done to tackle this situation. As per World
Bank statistics, 740 million people in India lack access to improved facilities
out of total 2.4 billion people facing this problem. Also one in every ten
deaths is linked to poor sanitation.
Seeing India`s motivation and dedication to tackle this situation, World
Bank has approved a loan of $ 1.5 billion to the country to support Clean India
Campaign. As discussed above India is running short of funds for this project.
This support from the World Bank may help it to achieve the deadline of this
campaign.[6]
REFERANCES
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